-эм in All languages combined

IPA: [-ˈɛm] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Permic *-äm. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian -ӧм (-öm) and Komi-Permyak -ӧм (-öm). Etymology templates: {{inh|udm|urj-prm-pro|*-m|*-äm}} Proto-Permic *-äm, {{cog|kpv|-ӧм}} Komi-Zyrian -ӧм (-öm), {{cog|koi|-ӧм}} Komi-Permyak -ӧм (-öm) Head templates: {{head|udm|suffix}} -эм • (-em) Forms: -em [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], -эмзы [nominative, possessive, singular], -эмъёссы [nominative, plural, possessive], -эмзэс [accusative, possessive, singular], -эмъёссэс [accusative, plural, possessive], -эмзылэн [genitive, possessive, singular], -эмъёссылэн [genitive, plural, possessive], -эмзылы [dative, possessive, singular], -эмъёссылы [dative, plural, possessive], -эмзылэсь [ablative, possessive, singular], -эмъёссылэсь [ablative, plural, possessive], -эменызы [instrumental, possessive, singular], -эмъёсынызы [instrumental, plural, possessive]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-äm",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/-m"
    ],
    [
      "-ӧм",
      "-ӧм#Komi-Zyrian"
    ],
    [
      "-ӧм",
      "-ӧм#Komi-Permyak"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udm",
        "2": "urj-prm-pro",
        "3": "*-m",
        "4": "*-äm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Permic *-äm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpv",
        "2": "-ӧм"
      },
      "expansion": "Komi-Zyrian -ӧм (-öm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "koi",
        "2": "-ӧм"
      },
      "expansion": "Komi-Permyak -ӧм (-öm)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Permic *-äm. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian -ӧм (-öm) and Komi-Permyak -ӧм (-öm).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-em",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзы",
      "roman": "-emzy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссы",
      "roman": "-emjossy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзэс",
      "roman": "-emzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссэс",
      "roman": "-emjosses",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзылэн",
      "roman": "-emzylen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссылэн",
      "roman": "-emjossylen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзылы",
      "roman": "-emzyly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссылы",
      "roman": "-emjossyly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзылэсь",
      "roman": "-emzyleś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссылэсь",
      "roman": "-emjossyleś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эменызы",
      "roman": "-emenyzy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёсынызы",
      "roman": "-emjosynyzy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-эм • (-em)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Udmurt",
  "lang_code": "udm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns derived from verbs, denoting an action, state, or process: -ing"
      ],
      "id": "en--эм-udm-suffix-FfJGc4QQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Udmurt entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form result nouns from other nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--эм-udm-suffix-igErKghl",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[-ˈɛm]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-эм"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Udmurt entries with incorrect language header",
    "Udmurt lemmas",
    "Udmurt suffixes",
    "Udmurt terms derived from Proto-Permic",
    "Udmurt terms inherited from Proto-Permic",
    "Udmurt terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*-äm",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/-m"
    ],
    [
      "-ӧм",
      "-ӧм#Komi-Zyrian"
    ],
    [
      "-ӧм",
      "-ӧм#Komi-Permyak"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udm",
        "2": "urj-prm-pro",
        "3": "*-m",
        "4": "*-äm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Permic *-äm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpv",
        "2": "-ӧм"
      },
      "expansion": "Komi-Zyrian -ӧм (-öm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "koi",
        "2": "-ӧм"
      },
      "expansion": "Komi-Permyak -ӧм (-öm)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Permic *-äm. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian -ӧм (-öm) and Komi-Permyak -ӧм (-öm).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-em",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзы",
      "roman": "-emzy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссы",
      "roman": "-emjossy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзэс",
      "roman": "-emzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссэс",
      "roman": "-emjosses",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзылэн",
      "roman": "-emzylen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссылэн",
      "roman": "-emjossylen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзылы",
      "roman": "-emzyly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссылы",
      "roman": "-emjossyly",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмзылэсь",
      "roman": "-emzyleś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёссылэсь",
      "roman": "-emjossyleś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эменызы",
      "roman": "-emenyzy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-эмъёсынызы",
      "roman": "-emjosynyzy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udm",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-эм • (-em)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Udmurt",
  "lang_code": "udm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns derived from verbs, denoting an action, state, or process: -ing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ing",
          "-ing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form result nouns from other nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[-ˈɛm]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-эм"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "page/20250114",
  "msg": "Negatively nested table braces, couldn't split inflection section, -эм/Udmurt section declension",
  "path": [
    "-эм"
  ],
  "section": "Udmurt",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-эм",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-эм" meaning in All languages combined

Suffix [Udmurt]